HES+Exam+Review

//Extra Credit for answers: 1 point for correct question, like before. Don't forget to add your name! Please DO NOT write your last names on these pages!//
 * Honors Earth Science //2009// //Semester Exam Study Guide Part 2// **

**__Note : Hesmaster has checked this on Thurs. at 4: __****__30 pm __****__ and everything that is in purple is correct. If not in purple, it is new or incorrect. Please when you add something don’t write in purple! __** __ Test 1 S.I. & Safety __ Review the common SI units for length, volume, temperature, mass. (cm, m, mm, ml, L, oC, g, kg). Which unit goes to which entity?

Length- cm, m, mmVolume- ml, LTemperature- oCMass- kg, g - Megan M. - Know these common SI prefixes and how to convert from one to the other: mega-, kilo-, milli-, micro-. Example a megameter is how many meters? What word is used for it (million)?

Mega- million- 1 000 000 Kilo- thousand- 1 000 Milli- thousanth- .001 Micro- millionth- .000 001

A Megameter is a million meters. - Megan M. Know the safety procedures for all sorts of fires: chemical, people, kitchen, small lab fire, large room fire.

Where do hurricanes develop? Over bodies of warm water -molly Where are the winds the strongest in a hurricane? In the eye of the storm --Danielle H . not the eye….  The eye wall - Ronald I What is a storm surge and in what quadrant of the hurricane is it the most dangerous? The storm surge is the dome of water that sweeps the coastline near where the eye make landfall. The Northeast Quadrant is the most dangerous. - Megan M. What is the energy source that feeds the development of a hurricane? warm water -molly

__Test 2 Tools of Astronomers__ What is a spectrum? It is the breaking down of light to see the range of colors. There are certain kinds of spectrum such as emission and absorbtion. - Megan M.  <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);"> What information can we get from spectra? <span style="color: rgb(247,105,34); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">We can find out what elements stars are made out of.--Danielle H. //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Yes, and what else (2 more…) // <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know the order of energy wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum from long to short, including the order of visible light colors: ROYGBV. Order of wavelengths from long to short: Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray. -molly <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the difference between an emission, continuous and absorption spectrum? Know how to identify them and the source of each. Emission: It has colored lines and a dark background. The source of this spectrum is glowing (hot) gases under low pressure. Continuous: It is a blend of colors with no breaks or gaps, ROYGBV. The source of it is, glowing solids or gases under high pressure. Absorption: It has dark lines or gaps on a colored background. The source of this spectrum is cool (dark) gases in front of a continuous spectrum/source. -molly <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Use the Doppler Effect to predict if a spectrum shows that a star is receding or approaching, and at what relative speed. What is does a blue-shift indicate? A red-shift? <span class="apple-style-span1" style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Red shift indicates an object is moving away and blue shift indicates the object is coming closer. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(244,139,233); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Comic Sans MS; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundclip: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundorigin: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundinlinepolicy: -moz-initial;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> Compare and contrast refractors, reflectors and Cassegrain telescopes. What are the advantages of each? Refractors: thin, long, have one mirror and one lens <span style="color: rgb(200,113,244); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">. The advantage of using this telescope is you can easily change the magnification by changing the eyepiece. Fix the above part!! <span style="color: rgb(200,113,244);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Reflectors: thicker telescopes, with a paraboloidal mirror, a normal mirror, and one lens. The advantage of using this telescope is that they can see dim objects in space like galaxies and comets. Cassegrain:, has two mirrors and two lenses. The advantage of using a cassegrain is that it lets you have a large telescope in a really compact tube. And you get the best picture possible, that is why most large research telescopes are cassegrain. Also good for viewing everything. -molly

__Test 3 Stars and the Sun__ How is plasma different from gas? <span style="color: rgb(0,129,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">The spacing of the particles is further than plasma, it moves faster, and its less dense. –Dani <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What about magnetic fields??? (important) <span style="color: rgb(0,129,255);"> <span style="color: #f82528; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Plasma has ions far apart, has very high temperatures, and responds to electromagnetic feilds. Gas has atoms far apart and high temperatures -sara <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What are stars made of? (primary chemical composition) stars are made of 90% hydrogen and 10% helium (along with small parts of other elements) -Kelsey Explain the equation E = mc2. <span style="color: rgb(0,129,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Energy=Mass x Speed of Light² Its where matter becomes energy and energy becomes matter. –Dani <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Where? Via what process?

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude? Apparent- Visual Absolute- true brightness -Dani

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Use the magnitude scale to tell which of these stars is brightest, and which may be seen in the sky without a telescope: magnitudes -1, 0, +4 and +9. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">-1,0,4,9 -molly //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">what about the second half of the question? //

Define a light-year. <span style="color: rgb(0,129,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">The distance which light travels. –Dani //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);">not complete- in how long? // in a year - Ronald I How does the change in volume of a gas affect its temperature? Explain this Why do stars become red giants? (Explain what happens to them inside & out.)

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What element is the last to be made by stars like the Sun? By large stars? the last element made by the sun is carbon but in bigger stars iron can be made -Kelsey Trace evolution pathways on the H-R Diagram of large and small mass stars.

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Describe the characteristics of a black hole. Why are they black? A black hole has such a strong and dense gravitational pull that light or nothing can escape. Lights rays passing the black hole will get bent or sucked in by the black hole. They're black because gravity is so great, so light cannot get out -Dani

__Test 4 Our Home in the Universe__ What kinds of objects are found in our galaxy? <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What type of galaxy do we live in? Where in the galaxy is the Sun located? <span style="color: rgb(252,3,3); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">A sun, 8 planets and their moons, 2 asteroid belts, 3 dwarf planets, oort cloud, meteroids <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">; barred spiral galaxy; 2/3 away from the center in the spiral arm <span style="color: rgb(252,3,3); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What are the 4 types of galaxies? Describe each. the four types of galaxies are... Spiral Galaxies: typically disk shaped with a somewhat greater concentration of starts near their centers. Barred Spiral Galaxies: same as spiral galaxies but they have arms of stars extending from their central nucleus. Irregular Galaxies: lack symmetry and only account for 10% of the known galaxies. Eliptical Galaxies: most abundant type, which have an ellipsoidal shape that ranges to nearly spherical and that lack spiral arms. -molly
 * //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Who did the half of the ? above (no name) //**

Spiral Galaxy
 * // OK, who wants to post some pictures of the 4 types here (label each)? //**

Barred Spiral

Elliptical Galaxy

Irregular Galaxy -Ronald I <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the structure of the universe? (How are galaxies organized?) The structure of the universe currenly is the buble wrap theory in which the univeres is shaped like paper and flat and the galaxies are next to each other ramdomly like bubles.--Greg J <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain Hubble’s Law. As the galaxy's distance increases, so does the galaxy's speed.--Danielle H. What observational evidence do we have to support the Big Bang? <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">The "Bubble and Void" structure of the universe, The expansion of space causes a redshift of galaxies and quasars.--Danielle H.
 * //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Not bubble wrap – it’s called “Bubble and void”! //**

objects (stars, galaxies, etc.) seem to have a maximum age limit of approximately 14 billion years and Microwave background radiation uniformly fills the universe, this radiation perfectly fits a blackbody spectrum. This is the remnant radiation released at the time matter and energy decoupled. It has red-shifted from heat and light into microwaves. --- Ronald I <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the main problem with the Big Bang theory? We can only see 4% of the universe which is very little. Scientists believe 74% of it is dark matter. -Dani
 * // There are 2 more evidences….what are they? //**

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Using radio telescopes, we have seen the cosmic microwave background that marks the radiation from the Big Bang. Why is it in microwaves instead of heat and light? When waves are red shifted the convert into micro waves.--greg J

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How old is the universe? Where are we in it? 13.7 billion years old We dont know where the center of the universe is because we dont know where it ends, so we dont know where we are in it. -Dani

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What shape does the universe have (current theory)? Its shaped flat -Dani <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How was the "edge" of the universe discovered? What radiation is seen there? The edge of the universe was discovered by radio telescopes these telescopes found micro waves.--greg j __Test 5 The View from Earth__ <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know the order of the phases of the Moon. Be able to identify each phase. New, Waxing Crescent, Waxing 1st Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, Waning Gibbous, Waning 3rd Quarter, Waning Crescent.—Danielle Be able to calculate when each phase would rise or set.

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How long is a day on the Moon? How long is the phase month of the Moon? a moon day is 27 1/3 Earth days <span style="color: rgb(187,33,237); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> and each phase is 29 1/2 Earth days. --Kelsey <span style="color: rgb(42,146,90); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">

// Half- right. Not how long is each phase….. // <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Distinguish between sidereal and synodic months ( <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">definition and length). <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Sidereal Month--1 moon day/27 1/3 earth days <span style="color: rgb(244,96,37); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> Synodic Month--the period of revolution of the moon with the respect of the sun or its cycle of phases.--Danielle H.

// how long is the synodic month?? // <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Distinguish between a solar and lunar eclipse. During what Moon phase are each? A solar eclipse happens when the moons shadow blocks the sun during the new moon, and a lunar eclipse happens when earths shadow covers the moon during the full moon.--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How many days a year are there on the Moon? 12 -molly

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know the order of the 8 planets from the sun outward. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. -molly

Know the characteristics of terrestrial and jovian planets in our solar <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">system and what planets belong to each group. Terrestrial Planets-- all are rocky and have no rings i.e: Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsJovian Planets-- made of gas, low density, and all have rings i.e: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune--Danielle H. // What about their sizes and locations?? // E <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">xplain the theory of formation of our solar system. material begins to condense from a nebula, the material rotates and begins to form a central star and a disk. Planets form in disk by accretion. Unstable planets are hurled from disk into the sun, the young sun "cleans out" with powerful stellar winds - Invasian94 - Ron I  Compare and contrast planets, asteroids, dwarf planets and KBO's.

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Define dwarf planets such as Pluto. Dwarf planet is spherical and is in an asteroid belt.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(219,57,10); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> What materials are comets made of? Comets are made of primarily ice and rock.--greg j Describe the **two** changes in a comet's tail as it orbits the sun. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">when its close to the sun the tail is long, when its far away from the sun its VERY short. <span style="color: rgb(178,40,230);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">-molly //that’s one change- what’s the other?//
 * // Which is predominant? They aren’t equal mixtures! //**

<span style="color: rgb(34,216,55); font-family: Georgia,serif;">the tail always points away from the sun --kelsey r.   when the comet is near the sun it move fast when its far away from the sun its move slow- sara <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How are comet orbits different from planet orbits? comet orbits are elliptical planets are not.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Define each of these words as they relate to orbits: perihelion, aphelion, elliptical. perihelion: closet point to the sun aphelion: furthest point from the sun elliptical: oval, not circular--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the relationship between the speed of a planet in its orbit and its distance around the sun? The closer the planet is to the sun the faster its orbit is.--greg j The closer to the sun the shorter the orbit and the faster the speed of revolution.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain retrograde motion. Why does it happen? What planets exhibit it? retrograde motion: the "backwards" motion of a planet. It happens when earth passes a planet of a slower speed, that planet appears to be moving backwards. Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune exhibit this.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Where is the Oort Cloud? The Kuiper Belt? The Kuiper Belt is the surrounding area past Neptune where KBO (Kuiper Belt Objects like dwarf planets) are found. The Oort cloud is beyond the Kuiper Belt and is a spherical "cloud" made up of dust and debris that surrounds our solar system. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(253,181,244);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What causes meteor showers? <span class="apple-style-span1" style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Meteor showers occur when the earth's orbit passes through the debris of a decaying comet. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Why do we see different constellations during different seasons? We see different constalation because of the earths rotation arond the sun and its position determines which constalations we are able to see in the Northern hemisphere at any given month day ect.--greg j // OK, but it’s revolution around the sun, not rotation! // <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">How do rings form around planets? Why do only jovian planets have them? <span style="color: #f82528; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Astroids get caught in the planets gravitaional pull, then get "smashed" by other astroids. -Sara

__Test 6 Seasons__ <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know the location and significance of the Tropic and Circle lines of latitude. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Tropic of Cancer: 23 and a half degrees North. Tropic of Capricorn: 23 and a half degrees South. You can only see the sun overhead in the tropics. -molly


 * // Where are the Circles? What’s special about there??? //**

What is the axial tilt of Earth? <span style="color: rgb(190,78,233); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">. <span style="color: rgb(28,18,18); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">3 and a half. -molly

23 1/2 degrees --Kelsey

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">When does each season begin? What is a solstice? an equinox? Spring starts on March 21st, Summer starts on June 21st, Autumn starts on September 22nd, and Winter starts on December 22nd. A solstice is a day of the year when the sun is farthest from the equator, or highest in the sky. A equinox is a day when the day and night are both 12 hours long. -molly

How do the seasons affect the length of day? How do they affect the altitude of the Sun at noon?

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Where and when on Earth may the Sun be seen overhead? On March 20/21 the sun will be overhead on the equator. On June 21/22 the sun will be overhead on the tropic of cancer. On September 22 the sun will be overhead on the equator. On December 21/22 the sun will be overhead on the Tropic of Capricorn. --Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(240,77,10); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> Where and when on Earth is a 24 hour day or night possible? <span style="color: rgb(248,37,40); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">North and South Pole on the Winter and Summer Solstice - Invasian94 AKA Ronald Ilagan

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> When does the sun appear to be north of the equator? Over it? South of it? The sun is south of the equator before noon and above it after noon.--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">When do the days begin to get longer? How about shorter? days begin to longer after the winter solstice and get longer after the summer solstice--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is necessary for a planet to have seasons? An atmosphere is nesscery for a planet to have seasons.--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">It needs to have a tilt - Ronald I <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How are seasons affected if the tilt is more or less extreme? If the tilt is bigger, the seasons are more extreme. If the tilt is less, the seasons are less extreme. -molly <span style="color: rgb(186,43,227);"> __Test 7 Atmosphere__ <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How is the air of Earth heated? the suns light goes into the ground, turns into heat and the land heats the atmosphere.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What 3 main gases are in the atmosphere? (know the order, by relative volume) Nitrogen(78%) and Oxygen(21%) make up 99% and Argon makes up 1%--Danielle H.
 * //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Not just the poles….and when is it 24 day vs. 24 hour night for each hemisphere?? //**
 * // Nope. //**

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How does ozone form and what does it absorb? What is ozone? O2 colides with O2 and makes two Onegative 2 when these neg O2's collide with normal O2's they make O3's--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What destroys it? (Name a chemical <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">and an element) <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Chlorine <span style="color: rgb(240,80,20); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> and Chloride.--Danielle H.
 * // How much can be water vapor? //**

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">List in order the 2 layers of the atmosphere closest to the ground. Troposphere and Stratosphere.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Where are each of these located in the atmosphere: the ozone layer? all weather? The jet stream? Ozone Layer is in the Stratosphere. All weather is in the Troposphere. The Jet Stream is in the Troposphere.--Danielle H. <span style="color: rgb(245,94,20); font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> Why does it get colder as you increase in altitude in the troposphere? the atoms are so spread apart that it feels cold--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">no… Why does the stratosphere heat up with an increase in altitude?
 * //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What’s the chemical??? //**

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Compare the heating and cooling rates of land and water. land heats and cools faster than water--greeg j  What is a greenhouse gas? a gas made up of molecules that reflect radiation. –Kelsey no…

What is the most common (natural) greenhouse gas in Earth’s atmosphere? methane is the most common natural greenhouse gas in the atmosphere--greg j no <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the most common greenhouse gas added as a result of human activities? Co2 is the most common greenhouse gas we have added to the atmosphere--greg j  Water Vapor is the most common natural greenhouse gas

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain radiation, convection and conduction and give examples of each. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">radiation is the transfer of heat through heat waves, convection is the transfer of heat through liquid, conduction is the transfer of heat through solids.--greg j

// Where are your examples?? // <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain what the urban heat island effect is and how it is caused.The urban heat island effect is caused by the ashfalt in big cities heating up and warming the city, so that the city is warmer than the surronding areas. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(245,152,245);">

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Describe the movement of nitrogen and carbon atoms in the cycles. What are some ways they move in and out of our atmosphere? What are some materials they may be found in? Nitrogen is the atmosphere it rains and becomes the soil nitrogen is also found in plants, animals ,anamal waste,and ground water.--greg j

What are some natural factors that may cause global warming? Some man-made ones? The eruptions of vocanoes is a natural global warming process--greg j

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Does ozone depletion cause global warming? yes--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">no--Ronald I

__ Test 8 Water in the Air __ **__<span style="color: rgb(0,31,255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">if these questions are answered correctly on our previous study wiki, they aren't up for extra credit again! Check and see before you do the work!) __**

How does temperature change with altitude? With latitude?

How does the influence of water modify the local climate of an area? the water keeps the city warm at night because it cools slower.--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain the “lake effect”. What Michigan industries rely on it? "lake effect" can be explained by the humidity and temperature changing greatly from the warm lake to a cool land mass. Michigan industries such as skiing/snowboarding and many agricultural industries rely on lake effect. --Kelsey

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know which side of a mountain or island would be wetter or drier, cooler or warmer, more vegetated and why! The side where the wind is coming from will be wetter, cooler, and more vegetated and the leeward side will be drier and warmer because when the wind goes up the mountain it reaches dew point and when the wind reaches the other side and descends, it gets warmer -- Ronald I

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Why and where do deserts form? deserts form on the leeward sides of mountains because the air on the windward side is rising and becoming cooler. the air forms a cloud when it reaches dew point. when the air gets to the leeward side of the mountain, the cloud has lost a lot of its liquid during precipitation. the air falling down the leeward side also warms creating a dry warm region. --Kelsey

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know the names for all 7 phase changes. Solid to liquid- melting Solid to gas-sublimation Liquid to solid- freezing Gas to solid- deposition Liquid to gas- evaporation or boiling Gas to liquid- condensation -Dani

Explain the concept of latent heat. Atomically, what is it used to do?

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain and give an example of an adiabatic temperature change. when gas is compressed it gets hot when expanded it cools like a basketball pump--greg j <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Explain relative humidity. What happens at 100% relative humidity? relative humidity is the amount of water vapor neede to make the air saturated compared to the actual amount, at 100% relative humidity the air forms a cloud--greg j

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How does relative humidity change if temperature increases? Relative humidity decreases - Invasian94 AKA Ron I

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What type of instruments (2) measure relative humidity? hygrometer and a sling psychrometer. -molly Be able to calculate the relative humidity using a chart like the one we used in class.

How do clouds form (what 3 things are needed)? <span style="background: rgb(255,0,33); color: black; font-family: Comic Sans MS; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundclip: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundorigin: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundinlinepolicy: -moz-initial;">Condensation, Water Vapor, Dew Point - Invasian94 AKA Ron I <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Can you see water vapor? no--greg j How does the dewpoint temperature relate to relative humidity? the relative humidity is the amount of water vapor the air needs to be saturated(dewpoint) compared to the amount ther actually is now--greg j

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What are most clouds made of? What type of cloud is made of ice? clouds are made of liquid water and cirrus clouds are made of ice --Kelsey
 * // This didn’t answer the question! //**

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the direction of the prevailing winds in the United States? <span style="background: rgb(250,250,250); color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundclip: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundorigin: -moz-initial; mozbackgroundinlinepolicy: -moz-initial;">West to East - Invasian94 AKA Ron I <span style="background: rgb(250,250,250); color: rgb(242,33,33); -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> <span style="background: rgb(250,250,250); color: rgb(5,5,5); -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Where do we see the lake effect in Michigan? What does it cause? on the western side part of Michigan; it causes more precipitation on that side How does the lake effect benefit our economy/industry? allows the growing seasons to be longer--greg j

And…?? <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">When does dew form? When does frost form? Dew forms when a temperature reaches dew point and the water in the air condenses onto leaves and grass. Frost forms when dew point is reached and water freezes to leaves by deposition. - Megan M. Explain the concept of wind chill. What 2 factors determine it?

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is fog? When relative humidity is 100% the air condenses into water droplets that we see as fog. **//And of course it is on or near the ground!//** -molly

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is the difference between these types of precipitation: sleet, freezing rain? Sleet is precipitations in the form of ice pellets created by freezing rain as it falls and is usually smaller than hail. Snow is precipitation in the form of chrystaline water ice that forms at 32 degrees fahrenheit. Freezing rain is rain that falls as a liquid but freezes into a glaze upon contact with the ground. It is one of the worst types of precipitation. Hail is showery precipitatino in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice more than 1/5 in falling from cumulous clouds. -Dani

__*Last Unit - Pressure, Wind, Fronts__ <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What does a barometer measure? What does a anemometer measure? A barometer measures pressure in millibars. And an anemometer measures wind speed. -molly

Interpret isobars on a weather map to see where it's windy or calm, and to predict the wind flow around a high or a low pressure.

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What creates wind? How does air always blow (the pressure rule)? Wind is formed by differences in air pressure. It moves from places of high pressure to those of low pressure. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(245,128,235); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">

What conditions create high and low pressure? <span style="color: rgb(248,145,232); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Low pressure is creating rising air and high pressure is created by sinking air. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">But what are examples of __conditions__ that cause it?? <span style="color: rgb(248,145,232);"> Apply the “right hand rule” of air circulation around H and L pressures. <span style="color: rgb(243,134,223); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">L- In low pressure, air rises, so form a thumps up. Your fingers will curl clockwise, which is how the air will circulate

.H - In high pressure, air sinks, so form a thumbs down. Your fingers will curl counter-clockwise which is how the air will circulate. - Megan M.

this is incorrect- who can fix it? What weather conditions are associated with a High? A Low? How does air move __directly under__ each? its calm no wind--greg j

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">What is “it”? Answer the rest of the questions…. Sketch and explain the movement and times of a sea or land breeze. (Someone could seek and paste a diagram in here and explain it!)

Know the characteristics of these __air masses__ and where they come from: continental polar, maritime polar, maritime tropical.

Know which side of the front has warm and cold air for: a warm front, a cold front. in the back of a warm front is warm air, in the back of the cold front is cold air – Ronald I

//<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">How do you know which side is the “back” side when you look at the front? // The "front" of the front is side with the triangle or half circles sticking out - Ronald I Identify warm, cold, stationary and occluded fronts on a weather map.

<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">Know the general pattern of storm tracks across the U.S. // (God hates // //<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Maine ////<span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">.) T // <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255); font-family: Comic Sans MS;">he general pattern is southwest to northeast. - Megan M. <span style="color: rgb(102,0,255);">

Describe the 3 sectors of a typical cyclone. Where is each front? What temperature is the air in each sector? (cool, cold, warm)