Minerals+and+Gems+review

Honors Earth Science Objectives Minerals and Gems __ Mineral Chemistry __ 1. How many protons does Selenium have? How many neutrons?34 protons and neutrons -Nicole  2. If Br gained an electron, what would it become? (2 words) Negative Ion- Stacy  3. How many electrons are in an atom of Boron? If it lost 3 electrons, what would it become? 5 electrons and it would become a positive ion 4. Calculate the mass of MgCO3. 84-Nicole 5. How many atoms of Al are in this mineral? KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 three- Ron two-molly 6. Give an example of two atoms that are isotopes of each other.  7. What mineral group contains CO3? Carbonate- Ron __Mineral ID__ 8. Describe each of these lusters: vitreous, metallic, earthy. Vitreous: Glass like. Metallic: Metal looking. Earthy: Dull, with no shine. -Dani P.  9. Describe each of these fractures: conchoidal, hackly, splintery. Conchoidal: Breaks like glass. Hackly: Copper or hook like. Also rough looking. Splintery: Like a piece of wood and sharp. -Dani P.  10. How would you recognize if a mineral shows cleavage? if when it is broken it splits with flat edges-molly if the mineral has smooth splitting along the planes of the atoms - Ron 11. A synonym for "specific gravity" is: **//the "heft" of the mineral-Phil L. //** 12. Define __diaphaneity. __ a mineral's ability to transmit light-Nicole <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(144, 49, 227);">12. What type of minerals would show a streak? <span style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(144, 49, 227);">Metalic Minerals make a streak- Phil L. //** <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(132, 42, 223);">13. What is the softest mineral on Moh’s Scale of Hardness? How does it feel? <span style="color: rgb(125, 25, 225);"> What number is it? What’s the highest number on the scale? the softest mineral is talc, and it feels like chalk. <span style="color: rgb(132, 42, 223);">it is number one. the highest number on the mohs scale is 10, which is diamond. --amy <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> 14. What type of minerals fizz when applying HCl acid? <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> <span style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**//<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(124, 22, 212);">carbonates fizz when HCI acid is applied.-Phil L. //** <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> __<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(124, 22, 212);">General __<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> 15. What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral? Solid, naturally occuring, definite chemical formula, crystalline (regular order of atoms) and inorganic (was never alive). -Dani P. 16. What mineral group is the most common? How is it identified by its chemical formula?

17. What minerals form these gems: diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, opal? <span style="color: rgb(16,193,43); background-color: rgb(0,0,0);">//**corundum- Phil L.**// <span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> 18. Explain the 4 C’s of a diamond’s value. Cut- a good cut enhances "play of colors" Clarity- no cracks, bubbles, inclusions Color- clear, blue, yellow (most priced) Carat- <span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);">weight/size - Ron 1 <span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);">9. What are facets? What types of gems are faceted //**<span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);">? ** <span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> <span style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);">facets are the flat faces cut on translucent and transparent gems with a hardness of 7 or more.-Phil L. ** // <span style="color: rgb(124, 22, 212);"> 20. What are cabochons? What types of gemstones are cabbed? A rounded cut used for soft or opaque gemstones. -Dani P. 21. What is a kimberlite pipe? Where do they originate? What do they contain? kimberlite pipes form diamonds from pure carbon. they originate deep below the earths surface, in the mantle, over 100 miles down. they contain pure carbon. very high heat and explosive pressures are needed for the pipes to create diamonds. -amy